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LoRaWAN technology plays a pivotal role in enabling
data transmission from IoT devices across various industries.
In the maritime sector, applications such as operational
monitoring and environmental surveillance depend critically on
reliable data communication. However, wireless data transmission
at sea presents significant challenges, including limited device
battery life, harsh weather conditions, and interference from vessels.
These challenges necessitate robust communication solutions
that exceed the capabilities of the standard LoRaWAN protocol,
which lacks native multi-hop routing functionalities. This paper
proposes LoRaCAPS, a novel LoRaWAN protocol specifically
designed to address these maritime communication challenges.
LoRaCAPS integrates multi-hop routing capabilities to improve
network coverage and resilience. Key performance metrics, such
as packet delivery ratio, latency, and throughput, are analysed
to evaluate the effectiveness of LoRaCAP