Human-centred assembly and disassembly systems: a survey on technologies, ergonomic, productivity and optimisation

Despite the increasing use of automation in the current industry 4.0 context, manual
assembly and disassembly tasks are still common and in some situations even unavoidable. The
interaction between humans and other elements of the Assembly and Disassembly Systems
(ADS) has been discussed in the scientific literature with the dual objective of optimising
human well-being and system performance. Human Factor (HF) related studies focused on
new technologies such as motion tracking systems. These technologies enable the collection of
data to improve understanding the work environment and its impact on employee well-being
and productivity. In the literature, different metrics were suggested to measure the ergonomic
and productivity scores. These measurements influence the global system performance and may
allow its optimisation. In this paper, we provide a review of the literature on human-centred
ADS. We mainly focus on technologies (used to capture human motion), metrics (used to assess
human ergonomic risks and productivity), and operational research models (used to optimise
the performance system considering economic and cycle time objectives). Future directions are
discussed in the perspectives of this paper.