Integrating Human-Centricity, Sustainability, and Resilience in Digital Twin Models for Industry 5.0: A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach

This paper presents the InduDesc framework, an innovative digital twin model within the CupCarbon software, designed for the advanced needs of Industry 5.0. It integrates human-centred ergonomics, sustainability and resilience into the Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP), traditionally an NP-hard challenge. By minimising operating times and balancing machine utilisation with ergonomic and sustainability considerations, the framework provides a dynamic workload management tool based on real-time 'fatigue' metrics. Using a tabu search algorithm, InduDesc generates a Pareto frontier to help decision makers identify strategies that efficiently align with the integrated goals of Industry 5.0.