A global approach based on k-means clustering principle for optimal smartphones and laptops batteries waste collection in Algeria

Rapid urbanization and population growth in developing countries have posed significant challenges for solid waste management. This is clearly evident in African countries including Algeria, where environmental concerns are not effectively managed. The purpose of this article is to design a network to facilitate waste collection in Algeria. A location allocation-based clustering approach is proposed, that implements mixed-integer linear programming models to optimize the placement of waste collection points and intermediate centers. GIS and clustering techniques are used to reduce transportation costs while providing effective waste management coverage.