EEG-based Schizophrenia Classification using Penalized Sequential Dictionary Learning in the Context of Mobile Healthcare

Mobile healthcare is an appealing approach based on the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and cloud computing. It can lead to unobstructed, economical, and patient-centric healthcare solutions. The key performance indicators of such systems are dimensionality reduction, computational effective- ness, low latency, and accuracy. In this context, a novel approach is devised for EEG-based schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder that adversely affects a person’s behavior, classification. A multichannel EEG recording with suitable granularity is required for precise analysis. It can increase expo- nentially the data dimensionality plus complexity and computational load. The proposed solution attains an interesting trade-off between dimensionality reduction plus computational effectiveness versus accuracy. It uses the penalized sequential dictionary learning (PSDL) that incorporates channel selection. First, PSDL learns a dictionary from the input data and evaluates its performance on all EEG channels. Based on this evaluation, a subset of six channels is selected for further training in the dictionary. The proposed PSDL algorithm then incorporates a penalty term that enhances the power of the learned dictionary on the selected channels. We evaluate the proposed approach on the multi-channel EEG dataset from the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Poland. A performance comparison is also made with counterparts. The models’ performance depends on the EEG signals’complexity. Therefore, we tried to make our models robust and straightforward, achieving appropriate performance with minimal computational cost. The proposed method reduces the dimension in two steps. First, the count of channels is reduced to 68.42%. In the second step, the kept information, 31.58% of channels, is further reduced to 83.75% using dictionary learning. The proposed framework secures a remarkable data dimension reduction and a lower computational cost and latency compared to the counterparts while attaining the sparse representation classification accuracy of 89.12%. These findings are promising and confirm the potential of investing in the incorporation of the proposed method in contemporary mobile healthcare solutions.